8
Fig. 9-8. The springs or elastic bands
which secure this punching
bag to floor and ceiling are being subjected to repeated,
but not alternating, stress. Impact
Strength; Fracture Toughness. Both
of these terms refer to the ability of a material to withstand shock, or
large forces suddenly applied. Neither
property can be defined mathematically, for engineering use, in the same
sense that tensile strengths can be
defined. Impact strength is usually stated in terms of the energy absorbed by
a metal when it
is broken under carefully-defined and limited conditions. In the Charpy V-notch
impact test, a specimen
of fixed dimensions, which has been precisely notched, is broken by a blow from
a pendulum hammer. Continued
on next page... Fig.
9-9. The piston rod in this double air pump is being subjected
to alternating stress. Each half of the rod is
first pulled, then pushed. At some
point in each cycle, stress
in one half of the rod is zero.
Hard-
Surfacing,
Building
Fusion
Welding
Carbon
Welding
Non-Ferrous
Metals
Heating
& Heat
Treating
Braze
Welding
Welding
Cast Iron
Welding
Ferrous
Metals
Brazing
&
Soldering
Equipment
Set-Up
Operation
Equipment
For
OXY-Acet
Structure
of
Steel
Mechanical
Properties
of Metals
Oxygen
&
Acetylene
OXY-Acet
Flame
Physical
Properties
of Metals
How Steels
Are
Classified
Expansion
&
Contraction
Prep
For
Welding
OXY-Acet
Welding
& Cutting
Safety
Practices
Manual
Cutting
Oxygen
Cutting By
Machine
Appendices
Testing
&
Inspecting